Cranial nerves for pupil measurement11/30/2023 Symptoms and signs include diplopia, ptosis, and paresis of eye adduction and of upward and downward gaze. read more or 3rd cranial nerve palsy Third Cranial (Oculomotor) Nerve Disorders Third cranial nerve disorders can impair ocular motility, pupillary function, or both. (See also Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System.) Horner syndrome results when the cervical. read more ) and headaches or other neurologic symptoms ( Horner syndrome Horner Syndrome Horner syndrome is ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis due to dysfunction of cervical sympathetic output. Review of systems seeks symptoms that may suggest a cause, such as birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities (congenital defects) droopy eyelid, cough, chest pain, or dyspnea (Horner syndrome) genital lesions, adenopathy, rashes, or fever ( syphilis Syphilis Syphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum and is characterized by 3 sequential symptomatic stages separated by periods of asymptomatic latent infection. Symptoms of acute angle closure are severe ocular pain. Sympathetic innervation leads to pupillary dilation. The fibers enter the orbit with CNIII nerve fibers and ultimately synapse at the cilliary ganglion. The pathway of pupillary constriction begins at the Edinger-Westphal nucleus near the occulomotor nerve nucleus. read more, acute angle-closure glaucoma Angle-Closure Glaucoma Angle-closure glaucoma is glaucoma associated with a physically obstructed anterior chamber angle, which may be chronic or, rarely, acute. The fibers of the sphincter pupillae encompass the pupil. Along with pupil dilation, there is often droopiness (known as ptosis) of the upper eyelid on the same side as the larger (dilated) pupil. Symptoms include sudden, severe headache, usually. A weakness of the third cranial nerve (a nerve that comes from the brain to the eye and controls eyelid movement, eye movement, and pupil size) can cause dilation of the pupil. The most common cause of spontaneous bleeding is a ruptured aneurysm. read more, subarachnoid hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) Subarachnoid hemorrhage is sudden bleeding into the subarachnoid space. read more, stroke Ischemic Stroke Ischemic stroke is sudden neurologic deficits that result from focal cerebral ischemia associated with permanent brain infarction (eg, positive results on diffusion-weighted MRI). However, the retina and fluid within the anterior chamber and vitreous are often involved as well. Tests of these functions can provide insight into damage to specific regions of the brain stem. Preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers that control pupillary size, salivary glands, and the thoracic and upper abdominal viscera are found in four of the nerves. Many disorders are accompanied by anisocoria due to iris or neurologic dysfunction but usually manifest with other, more bothersome symptoms (eg, uveitis Overview of Uveitis Uveitis is defined as inflammation of the uveal tract-the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The twelve cranial nerves are typically covered in introductory anatomy courses.
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